Cackling Goose (Branta hutchinsii) vs. Canada Goose (Branta canadensis)
Identifying a Cackling Goose from a Canada Goose can be challenging, but with careful observation and a few key pointers, you’ll be able to distinguish between these two species with ease. These two geese may look similar at first glance, but they have distinct characteristics and behaviors that set them apart. By understanding these differences, you can enhance your bird-watching experience and appreciate the unique traits of each species.
Time of Year
Cackling Goose (Branta hutchinsii) photo taken by: Matt Brady https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/assets/photo/59950661-1280px.jpg
One of the easiest ways to differentiate between the two geese is by noting the time of year. Canada Geese are often present year-round, especially between May and September. If you spot a wild goose during this period, it’s likely a “western” Canada Goose. In contrast, Cackling Geese breed in Canada and Alaska during the summer and migrate south for the winter. They are generally seen from October to May, with a few early arrivals in late September and some lingering into early May.
Flock Size
Canada Goose (Branta canadensis), photo taken by: Mike Callian
Flock size is another indicator. Canada Geese typically gather in smaller flocks, ranging from 2 to 30 birds. During late spring and summer, they can form larger groups of up to 100 goslings and adults. Conversely, Cackling Geese are usually found in much larger flocks, ranging from 100 to 10,000 birds.
Bill Size
The size and shape of the bill are distinguishing features as well. Cackling Geese have shorter and stubbier bills compared to Canada Geese, whose bills are more elongated and proportionately larger.
Overall Size
Size is a clear differentiator. Canada Geese are significantly larger, while Cackling Geese are often the size of a Mallard, making them noticeably smaller.
Neck Length
Neck length is another key difference. Cackling Geese have shorter necks compared to Canada Geese. However, it’s important to note that geese don’t always have their necks fully extended, so this feature should be used cautiously.
Overall Color
When it comes to color, Canada Geese exhibit a more distinct contrast between the dark black of their necks and their lighter bodies. Cackling Geese, on the other hand, sometimes have less contrast between the neck and body and can appear darker overall.
White Collars
A white collar at the base of the neck is more common in Cackling Geese, providing another visual clue for identification.
Primary Projection
The length of the tip of the tertial and primary feathers, known as the primary projection, is shorter in Canada Geese compared to Cackling Geese.
Voice
Finally, the vocalizations of these geese are distinct. Canada Geese are known for their deep, throaty honks. In contrast, Cackling Geese produce higher-pitched squeaks, yips, and cackles.
With these tips in mind, you’ll be well-equipped to distinguish a Cackling Goose from a Canada Goose on your next bird-watching adventure.
Happy birding!
By: Amy Adams
Sources:
Audubon: Learn to Tell a Cackling Goose From a Canada Goose
Sibley Guides: Distinguishing Cackling and Canada Goose
YouTube: ID Tips: Cackling Goose vs. Canada Goose